mnoat


	Issue 40 November 2001


	Prairie Grains is the official publication of the Minnesota Association of Wheat Growers, North Dakota Grain Growers Association and South Dakota Wheat, Inc.

Copyright Prairie Grains Magazine November 2001




	Minnesota Oats Variety Trials By Deon Stuthman, Roger Caspers, Richard Halstead Crown rust (Puccinia sp.) infections continue to be the major risk for oat production. This year we are dividing the rust reading into two columns: one headed with “Amount Infected” and the other with “Reaction Type” (see Table 9). The value in the amount column predicts the relative proportion of initial rust spores that achieve a successful infection. The reaction type value indicates the size of the pustule or alternatively how much the pustule is restricted by the host reaction. Either way, a small and/or restricted pustule produces fewer spores for re-infection that begins about 8-10 days after the initial infection. Depending upon the plant growth stage at initial infection, there can be 1 to 3 cycles of re-infection during an oat-growing season. The final amount of rust infection depends upon the number and size of spore-producing pustules that will produce the spores for the second and subsequent infections. It is these infections that really cause the damage. Yield data for oats is presented in Tables 6 and 7. Agronomic data and disease responses are presented in Tables 8 and 9. For all 40 entries of the variety trial, yields in 2001 were highest at Morris (113 bu/A), and Waseca (103 bu/A), and lowest at Rosemount (67 bu/A). Planting was delayed at most locations because of excess soil moisture. Planting began at Waseca on April 19 and finished at Stephen on May 31. Dry weather and extremely high temperatures during the last half of June and much of July negatively impacted some varieties. In 2001, ‘Vista’ from the University of Wisconsin was again the highest yielding cultivar, followed by ‘AC Assiniboa’ from Agriculture & Food Canada in Manitoba and ‘Richard’ from the University of Minnesota.

Table 6. Relative grain yield of oat varieties in Minnesota in multiple year comparisons.
	Rosemount		Waseca		Lamberton		Morris		Crookston		Gr. Rapids		State
	2yr	4yr	2yr	3yr ²	2yr	4yr	2yr	4yr	2yr	4yr	2yr	3yr ³	2yr ⁴	4yr ⁵
Variety 1	% of mean
Maraine	103	-	112	-	99	-	84	-	95	-	87	-	92	-
Chaps	99	103	108	108	90	96	103	109	98	94	107	110	100	101
Jay	98	100	110	102	96	86	102	110	96	98	90	92	97	99
Richard	103	104	107	101	110	103	105	101	100	103	103	109	105	102
Gem	99	100	107	105	110	111	106	104	101	100	94	99	103	104
Wabasha	99	107	95	101	97	99	101	106	106	111	98	103	100	106
Rodeo	108	110	101	102	97	101	118	116	101	104	116	113	108	108
Kildeer	92	-	101	-	97	-	93	-	95	-	115	-	98	-
Vista	117	-	126	-	111	-	111	-	111	-	96	-	109	-
Milton	106	102	104	96	96	93	87	95	94	98	102	102	96	97
Sesqui	108	112	107	106	103	100	106	105	113	115	99	104	106	107
Youngs	101	-	97	-	98	-	98	-	94	-	95	-	97	-
Jud	98	104	100	92	104	109	96	89	96	92	123	116	102	97
Loyal	95	95	109	105	104	102	104	95	102	99	107	102	103	97
Belle	100	99	108	103	106	102	90	93	101	99	95	96	98	97
Paul (hulless)	54	52	41	55	62	72	69	64	78	76	54	43	65	67
Ebeltoft	102	-	90	-	101	-	110	-	108	-	110	-	107	-
AC Assiniboia	101	-	109	-	105	-	111	-	105	-	101	-	105	-
LSD (0.05)	11	8	13	10	15	11	13	11	12	10	17	13	6	5
Mean (bu/A)	75	77	103	91	90	99	131	140	107	118	83	93	97	109
¹ Varieties are listed from earliest to latest heading date. ² Waseca data from 1998, 1999, and 2000 only. ³ Grand Rapids data from 1998, 2000, and 2001 only. ⁴ State averages do not include Waseca. ⁵ State averages do not include Waseca or Grand Rapids.

Table 7. Relative grain yield of oat varieties in Minnesota in single year (2001) comparisons at five on farm locations.
	Roseau	Stephen	Winona ²	Wells ²	Madison ²	Avg
Variety ¹	% of mean
Moraine	85	107	96	129	87	101
Chaps	101	110	98	111	100	103
Jay	101	94	112	114	106	104
Richard	100	103	104	94	126	101
Gem	97	105	118	122	115	110
Wabasha	94	96	92	104	110	96
Rodeo	88	97	104	124	145	105
Kildeer	74	124	91	114	125	101
Vista	102	131	120	110	97	113
Milton	92	81	104	99	84	93
Sesqui	108	111	112	101	138	109
Youngs	124	68	87	92	58	89
Jud	104	102	91	76	92	93
Loyal	133	103	102	98	93	107
Belle	99	116	104	98	96	103
Paul (hulless)	99	74	67	28	58	66
Ebeltoft	110	97	89	107	116	100
AC Assiniboia	106	126	110	79	95	104
Riser	-	-	-	-	59	-
AC Rebel	83	58	-	-	-	-
LSD (0.05)	26	20	18	24	32	8
Mean (bu/A)	72	65	89	58	52	82
¹ Varieties are listed from earlist to latest heading date. ² Pesticid free/orgainic production; Madison was also no-till.

Table 8. Agronomic characteristics of oat varieties in Minnesota in multiple year comparisons (2000-2001).
Variety ¹	Days to Heading (days)	Plant Height (inches)	Straw Strength ²	Test Weight (lbs/bu)	Groat %
Moraine	58	40	1.9	38.8	70.8
Chaps	59	39	2.2	38.0	68.3
Jay	59	35	1.6	38.1	68.2
Richard	59	43	2.0	38.6	69.5
Gem	60	41	2.5	37.8	68.5
Wabasha	60	41	2.1	38.3	70.5
Rodeo	60	40	1.9	37.2	69.6
Kildeer	61	37	2.4	39.2	70.5
Vista	61	43	3.0	38.7	70.6
Milton	61	38	1.6	38.1	69.2
Sesqui	62	40	2.5	39.0	67.4
Youngs	63	44	2.1	37.9	70.4
Jud	64	46	3.3	38.9	70.0
Loyal	64	45	3.3	39.2	68.1
Belle	64	40	2.3	39.2	72.7
Paul (hulless)	65	43	2.5	43.4	93.1
Ebeltoft	65	38	2.5	38.5	70.7
AC Assiniboia	65	42	1.9	38.8	73.5
Mean	62	41	2.3	38.8	71.2
¹ Varieties are listed from earliest to latest heading date ² 1 = excellant 5 = poor

Table 9. Disease reactions of oat varieties in Minnesota in single year comparisons (2001).
	Crown Rust ²
Variety ¹	Amount Infected	Reaction Type ³	Sumit ⁴	Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus
Moraine	5	MR_MS	R	4.0
Chaps	20	MS-S	S	3.5
Jay	5	S	MS	4.0
Richard	5	MR-MS	MR	4.0
Gem	<1	MR	S	3.5
Wabasha	<1	MS-S	R	4.0
Rodeo	5	MS-S	S	4.5
Kildeer	10	MS-MS	S	4.5
Vista	<1	MS	R	4.5
Milton	<1	MS	MR	7.5
Sesqui	<1	S	R	3.0
Youngs	<1	MS	R	6.0
Jud	5	MS-S	R	4.0
Loyal	<1	MS-S	MR	6.5
Belle	<1	MS	MR	4.5
Paul (hulless)	<1	S	R	6.0
Ebeltoft	<1	S	R	6.0
AC Assiniboia	<1	HR	R	2.0
¹ Varieties are listed from earliest to latest heading date. ² HR = highly resistant, MR = moderately resistant, MS = moderately susceptible and S = susceptible. ³ R = resistant, MR = moderately resistant and S = susceptible. ⁴ 1 = no symptoms and 9 = dead.