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Notes from 2004 Barley Day, Minot, N.D. Why Protein, Germ Limits Are Important He says malting is “a controlled germination of a cereal grain to produce enzymes and to cause defined changes in its chemical constituents.” That means that the primary grain used in the process – malting barley – needs to have a specified level of characteristics – such as protein levels of less than 13 to 13.5%, and germination greater than 95% – for the malting process to be successful. Barley that germinates poorly is basically kernels that are dead, Zietz points out. If they don’t grow, they don’t activate properly in the malting process. Non-germinating kernels result in wasted product, higher production costs, inconsistent analytical results in malt, and ultimately, off-flavors in beer. Proper and timely harvesting, storage and handling can go a long way to minimize germination problems, he says. High protein barley can also cause all sorts of problems in the malting process, including reduced levels of malt extract, off-color, more phenolics in the wort contributing to astringent beer flavors haze formation, product instability, even lower foam quality. Barley segregated by protein levels and other quality attributes allows for a more consistent malting process, he says. Some brewers use protein levels greater than 14% in special cases, but those cases are limited in terms of total volume, he says. Blending is not preferable to barley with the right specifications. High-low blending of barley creates problems in the malting process. Mixing 12% pro barley with 14% may yield a 13% average, “but every other kernel malts very differently,” he points out. Growing malting barley varieties adapted to your geographic area, as well as soil testing and managing fertility accordingly, are keys to malting barley protein management. See the article “Upping the Odds of Growing Malting Barley” for more production tips, online at www.smallgrains. org/springwh/Mar03/upp/upp.htm. Recommended Malting Barley Varieties for ’04 AMBA recommended varieties for Minn., N.D., S.D. AMBA recommended varieties for Montana AMBA notes on newer varieties: Drummond, a six-row developed at NDSU, was rated satisfactory in plant scale evaluations by Anheuser-Busch, Inc. and Miller Brewing Co. Lacey, a six-row developed at the U of M, was rated satisfactory in plant scale evaluation by Miller Brewing Co., which was the basis of its addition to the recommended list in 2002. Anheuser-Busch, Inc. has not completed its plant scale evaluation of Lacey. Tradition, a six-row developed by Busch Agricultural Resources, Inc., was rated satisfactory in plant scale evaluation by Anheuser-Busch, Inc., which was the basis of its addition to the recommended list last year. Miller Brewing Co. has initiated plant scale evaluation of Tradition with 2003 crop production. Mean agronomic performance of six-rowed barley
Commodity Planning Price Projections for 2004
Overview of Crop Insurance for Malting Barley in ‘04 • There are added replant payment benefits for barley, and added coverage and quality adjustment provisions for hull-less barley. • Maximum replant payment per acre is based on lesser of 20% of production guarantee or five bushels times the price election for barley. • Provisions provide replant payments even when seeding rates are less than original seeding rate when replanting a damaged stand. • Added RA Malting Barley in Montana and South Dakota. • Expanded malting coverage to all SD counties (MPCI & RA) • No policy changes this year in Malting Barley Price and Quality Endorsement. Option A requires history/records of sales for four most recent crop years (2004 crop year needs records for 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999). Option B requires malting barley contract by June 30 acreage reporting date. The maximum additional value is the lesser of guaranteed sales price in malt contract minus feed barley price election or premium price in contract, not to exceed $2.00/bushel. • Income Protection/Revenue Assurance requires a Malting Barley Price Agreement (elevator contracts) and four years records of malting barley sales. Additional value based on the agreement, not to exceed $1.25. Consult your local crop insurance agent for more details on insuring malting barley for 2004. Source: USDA-RMA, Billings, Mont. North Central/Northwest North Dakota Barley Acres
The Red River Valley is well-renowned for its crop production capabilities, but Kent McKay, NDSU extension area agronomist, Minot, points out that an 11-county area of north central and northwest N.D. (Pierce, McHenry, Bottineau, Renville, Ward, McLean, Mountrail, Burke, Divide, Williams, McKenzie) quietly accounts for 45% of the nation’s durum wheat production, 9% of the nation’s spring wheat production and another 9% of barley, 42% of U.S. canola, nearly a quarter of all sunflower, about one-third of the nation’s field peas and half of the nation’s flax. The figures are based on USDA-FSA reported acres. One reason for this area’s crop prominence is the fact that disease problems have been generally less than in the Red River Valley, and the fact that corn and soybeans have squeezed out other crops in the Valley. Malting Barley Price (at $2.29) Needed to Equalize Return to Land, Labor and Management for All Barley Production Compared to Competing Crops
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These estimated budget figures for north central N.D. illustrate that the more barley that makes malting, the more malting barley can compete in profit potential with other crops. |
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