Grain Math

Weights, Measures, and Conversion Factors

Formulas For Estimating Wheat Yields

• Bushels = (Heads) x (spikelets) x (2.3) (divided by row space) (per foot) (per head) (in inches) x 0.48 per acre

• Bushels per acre of hard red spring wheat = kernels per head x heads in 3 ft x 0.0319

• Bushels per acre of durum = kernels per head x heads in 3 ft x 0.0377

• Bushels per acre of barley = kernels per head x heads in 3 ft x 0.0389

Formulas 2, 3, and 4 are for 7" row spacing and three foot of row (For 6" spacing, multiply final answers above by factor of 1.17)

Examples above are based on three foot row sample. (Source: NDSU)

Weights

1 bushel of wheat or soybeans = 60 pounds (77.2 Kg./hl.)

1 bu corn = 56 lbs

1 bu barley = 48 lbs

36.74 bushels of wheat = 1 metric ton

33.33 bushels of wheat = 1 short ton

•  The metric ton of 2204.6 pounds is the weight unit most widely used in reporting international trade statistics.

•  The short ton of 2000 pounds is domestically used in the United States, as well as in some other countries.

•  1 bushel of wheat will make about 73 loaves of white bread, 1 lb. each.

•  2.3 bushels of wheat will make 100 pounds of white flour (72% extraction).

Measures

1 pound = 0.4536 kg.

1 metric ton (MT) = 2204.6 lbs.

1 short ton (2000 lbs.) = 0.9072 MT or 907.18 kg.

1 hectare = 2.47 acres

1 acre = 0.40 hectare

1 acre also = 43,560 square feet or 91 yards of a football field

1 square mile = 640 acres (259 hectares)

1 hundredweight = 100 pounds = 45.36 kg.

Conversions

Bushels to Metric Tons:

bu. x 0.027216 = MT wheat or soybeans

bu. x 0.025400 = MT corn

bu. x 0.021772 = MT barley

Bushels/Acre to Metric Tons/Hectare:

bu./acre x .06725 = MT/ha. wheat or soybeans

bu./acre x .06277 = MT/ha. corn

bu./acre x .05380 = MT/ha. barley

Pounds/Bushel to Kilogram/Hectoliter (wheat or soybeans):

lbs./bu. x 1.287 = kg./hl.

Metric Tons to Bushels:

MT x 36.74 = bu. wheat or soybeans

MT x 39.36 =   bu. corn

MT x 45.92 =   bu. of barley

Metric Ton/Hectare to Bushels/Acre (wheat or soybeans):

MT/ha. x 14.87 = bu/acre

Kilogram/Hectoliter to Pounds

Bushel (wheat or soybeans)

kg./hl. x 0.777 - lbs./bu.

Other:

3 teaspoons=1 tablespoon=14.8 ml

2 tablespoons=1 fluid ounce=29.6 ml

1 mph=1.609 km/hr.

1 mph=68 seconds/100 ft.

1 lb/acre=1.1209 kg/ha

1 mph=88 ft. min.

1 gallon/acre=9.3541 liter/ha

1 qt/acre=2.3386 l/ha

1 horsepower=0.746 kw