|
2007 U of M Research Special Report
On-Farm Disease Management Trials of Spring
Wheat in the Red River Valley
During 2006, data were collected from two on-farm locations located near Oklee and Foxhome, MN (cooperators: Ray & Barbara Swenson and Dave & Matt Hasbargen). Small plots of
spring wheat varieties were planted during April into soybean residues.
Twelve wheat varieties (Ada, Alsen, Banton, Bigg Red, Briggs, Freyr, Glenn, Knudson, Oklee, SteeleND, Ulen and Walworth) were tested to determine if yield and quality responses from six disease management strategies would complement or compete with disease resistance levels in each variety. For example, if a variety had little resistance against a disease, application of fungicide to protect its yield potential would be logical. For a variety with greater resistance, an application of fungicide may or may not provide protection over-and-above the level that the variety’s disease resistance would accomplish anyway. We calculated economic analyses for each variety/disease treatment combination from representative grain samples that were graded by Mid-Valley Grain Cooperative in Crookston. For reporting purposes, fictitious grain sales were made based on samples to determine the estimated revenue from each variety/disease management treatment combination. The sales occurred in mid-November. Deoxynivalenol (DON or vom) levels were non detectable or well below the allowable limit of 2 ppm so discounts did not apply.
Varieties
The drier growing season resulted in few production issues related to disease, however having little disease development is unusual in the Valley. The Oklee
location suffered from drought conditions with powdery mildew and leaf rust developing on susceptible varieties late in the season.
The Foxhome location experienced more timely rains, but overall low levels of leaf and stripe rust, Septoria leaf blotch, powdery mildew, and leaf streak mosaic were noted at this location. Moderate bacterial leaf stripe disease pressure was noted at Foxhome. Bacterial leaf stripe is caused by a bacterial disease and leaf streak mosaic is caused by a virus, so neither are controlled by fungicide application. Seven different varieties, (Steele ND, Ulen, Briggs, Walworth, Ada, Oklee, Knudson) represented the top 10 estimated revenue returns (Table 1). There were significant differences between varieties at locations but not between management treatments. When averaged across both test sites, two disease management treatments resulted in greater estimated returns (Table 1). An application of Headline at the 4-5 leaf stage followed by Folicur at early flower increased estimated revenues above the $300/a level for six of the varieties tested, likewise a solitary fungicide application in the form of a seed treatment (without later foliar or head fungicide applications) resulted in similar returns for a comparable number of varieties. However, these treatments were not statistically better than other treatments tested. A varietal trend in the data showed increased revenue from a seed treatment compared to the corresponding varietal non treated control treatment.
Disease Management Treatments
When dollars returned per acre is considered exclusively, treatment results varied widely across varieties. Economically speaking varieties
known for having good disease resistance packages, such as Glenn and Alsen, did not offer any needed benefits in the absence of disease. Several management strategies on these two varieties were ranked lowest in
estimated revenue (Table 1). Protein premiums for most varieties ranged from $0.01 to $0.06/bushel while some discounts were assigned for reduced protein.
Table 1. One-year data ranking variety and treatment combinations based on dollars/A revenue returned (1=best rank, 72=lowest rank).
|
Rank
|
Variety
|
Trtmt1
|
Protein
|
Test Wt
|
Yield
|
Prem vs Disc2
|
Cash Price
|
Gross $/ac
|
Fung. Appl. Cost $/ac
|
Estimated Return
|
|
1
|
Steele ND
|
SD
|
14.2
|
61.6
|
70.4
|
0.01
|
$4.67
|
$328.77
|
$3.84
|
$324.93
|
|
2
|
Ulen
|
SD
|
14.5
|
61.6
|
70.0
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$327.60
|
$3.84
|
$323.76
|
|
3
|
Briggs
|
SD
|
14.8
|
61.5
|
69.1
|
0.04
|
$4.70
|
$324.77
|
$3.84
|
$320.93
|
|
4
|
Steele ND
|
H-F
|
14.2
|
61.0
|
72.0
|
0.01
|
$4.67
|
$336.01
|
$17.08
|
$318.93
|
|
5
|
Walworth
|
SD
|
14.5
|
59.8
|
68.6
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$321.05
|
$3.84
|
$317.21
|
|
6
|
Ada
|
H-F
|
14.4
|
62.3
|
70.5
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$329.94
|
$17.08
|
$312.86
|
|
7
|
Oklee
|
H-F
|
14.6
|
61.8
|
69.6
|
0.03
|
$4.69
|
$326.42
|
$17.08
|
$309.34
|
|
8
|
Knudson
|
SD
|
14.4
|
61.1
|
66.6
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$311.45
|
$3.84
|
$307.61
|
|
9
|
Walworth
|
NONE
|
14.4
|
59.5
|
65.5
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$306.54
|
$0.00
|
$306.54
|
|
10
|
Briggs
|
H-F
|
14.3
|
61.7
|
69.2
|
0.01
|
$4.67
|
$323.16
|
$17.08
|
$306.08
|
|
11
|
Walworth
|
H-F
|
14.6
|
59.3
|
68.8
|
0.03
|
$4.69
|
$322.67
|
$17.08
|
$305.59
|
|
12
|
Ulen
|
SD-F
|
14.8
|
61.5
|
68.2
|
0.04
|
$4.70
|
$320.54
|
$16.03
|
$304.51
|
|
13
|
Walworth
|
SD-F
|
14.2
|
60.0
|
67.7
|
0.04
|
$4.70
|
$317.96
|
$16.03
|
$301.93
|
|
14
|
Oklee
|
SD
|
15.1
|
61.4
|
64.8
|
0.05
|
$4.71
|
$305.21
|
$3.84
|
$301.37
|
|
15
|
Knudson
|
H-F
|
14.5
|
61.3
|
68.0
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$318.01
|
$17.08
|
$300.93
|
|
16
|
Ulen
|
H-F
|
14.6
|
60.5
|
67.4
|
0.03
|
$4.69
|
$316.11
|
$17.08
|
$299.03
|
|
17
|
Walworth
|
F
|
14.7
|
59.0
|
66.4
|
0.03
|
$4.69
|
$311.18
|
$12.19
|
$298.99
|
|
18
|
Steele ND
|
NONE
|
14.5
|
60.2
|
63.8
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$298.58
|
$0.00
|
$298.58
|
|
19
|
Knudson
|
NONE
|
14.4
|
61.3
|
63.6
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$297.41
|
$0.00
|
$297.41
|
|
20
|
Banton
|
SD
|
14.5
|
63.0
|
64.4
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$301.16
|
$3.84
|
$297.32
|
|
21
|
Steele ND
|
F
|
14.7
|
60.4
|
65.9
|
0.03
|
$4.69
|
$309.07
|
$12.19
|
$296.88
|
|
22
|
Briggs
|
NONE
|
14.7
|
60.8
|
63.2
|
0.03
|
$4.69
|
$296.41
|
$0.00
|
$296.41
|
|
23
|
Steele ND
|
SD-H-F
|
14.4
|
60.7
|
67.7
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$316.84
|
$20.92
|
$295.92
|
|
24
|
Bigg Red
|
H-F
|
13.7
|
62.9
|
67.7
|
-0.04
|
$4.62
|
$312.77
|
$17.08
|
$295.69
|
|
25
|
Knudson
|
F
|
14.4
|
61.5
|
65.6
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$306.77
|
$12.19
|
$294.58
|
|
26
|
Freyr
|
H-F
|
14.2
|
61.1
|
66.7
|
0.01
|
$4.67
|
$311.26
|
$17.08
|
$294.18
|
|
27
|
Bigg Red
|
SD-H-F
|
14.4
|
62.6
|
67.2
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$314.50
|
$20.92
|
$293.58
|
|
28
|
Ulen
|
F
|
14.8
|
60.7
|
65.0
|
0.04
|
$4.70
|
$305.27
|
$12.19
|
$293.08
|
|
29
|
Banton
|
H-F
|
14.4
|
62.9
|
66.2
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$309.58
|
$17.08
|
$292.50
|
|
30
|
Briggs
|
F
|
14.5
|
61.6
|
65.0
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$303.97
|
$12.19
|
$291.78
|
|
31
|
Bigg Red
|
SD
|
13.8
|
62.7
|
63.7
|
-0.02
|
$4.64
|
$295.57
|
$3.84
|
$291.73
|
|
32
|
Ada
|
SD-F
|
14.5
|
62.0
|
65.7
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$307.48
|
$16.03
|
$291.45
|
|
33
|
Walworth
|
SD-H-F
|
14.7
|
58.6
|
66.6
|
0.03
|
$4.69
|
$312.12
|
$20.92
|
$291.20
|
|
34
|
Glenn
|
SD
|
15.1
|
62.3
|
62.5
|
0.05
|
$4.71
|
$294.14
|
$3.84
|
$290.30
|
|
35
|
Oklee
|
F
|
14.9
|
61.6
|
64.3
|
0.04
|
$4.70
|
$301.98
|
$12.19
|
$289.79
|
|
36
|
Oklee
|
NONE
|
15.1
|
61.6
|
61.5
|
0.05
|
$4.71
|
$289.67
|
$0.00
|
$289.67
|
|
37
|
Oklee
|
SD-F
|
14.8
|
61.5
|
64.8
|
0.04
|
$4.70
|
$304.56
|
$16.03
|
$288.53
|
|
38
|
Briggs
|
SD-H-F
|
14.7
|
61.2
|
65.9
|
0.03
|
$4.69
|
$308.84
|
$20.92
|
$287.92
|
|
39
|
Oklee
|
SD-H-F
|
14.5
|
61.2
|
65.8
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$307.94
|
$20.92
|
$287.02
|
|
40
|
Ulen
|
NONE
|
14.8
|
60.4
|
61.0
|
0.04
|
$4.70
|
$286.47
|
$0.00
|
$286.47
|
|
41
|
Glenn
|
H-F
|
15.0
|
62.0
|
64.4
|
0.05
|
$4.71
|
$303.32
|
$17.08
|
$286.24
|
|
42
|
SteeleND
|
SD-F
|
14.3
|
61.2
|
64.4
|
0.01
|
$4.67
|
$300.75
|
$16.03
|
$284.72
|
|
43
|
Freyr
|
NONE
|
14.4
|
60.3
|
60.8
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$284.54
|
$0.00
|
$284.54
|
|
44
|
Banton
|
NONE
|
14.7
|
62.9
|
60.6
|
0.03
|
$4.69
|
$283.98
|
$0.00
|
$283.98
|
|
45
|
Freyr
|
F
|
14.4
|
61.2
|
63.3
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$296.01
|
$12.19
|
$283.82
|
|
46
|
Bigg Red
|
NONE
|
13.6
|
63.2
|
61.4
|
-0.04
|
$4.62
|
$283.44
|
$0.00
|
$283.44
|
|
47
|
Ada
|
SD
|
14.7
|
61.3
|
61.2
|
0.03
|
$4.69
|
$287.03
|
$3.84
|
$283.19
|
|
48
|
Ada
|
F
|
15.0
|
61.1
|
62.7
|
0.05
|
$4.71
|
$295.08
|
$12.19
|
$282.89
|
|
49
|
Freyr
|
SD-F
|
14.2
|
61.4
|
64.0
|
0.01
|
$4.67
|
$298.88
|
$16.03
|
$282.85
|
|
50
|
Ulen
|
SD-H-F
|
14.7
|
60.4
|
64.7
|
0.03
|
$4.69
|
$303.21
|
$20.92
|
$282.29
|
|
51
|
Freyr
|
SD
|
14.3
|
60.8
|
61.2
|
0.01
|
$4.67
|
$285.57
|
$3.84
|
$281.73
|
|
52
|
Ada
|
NONE
|
14.4
|
61.5
|
60.1
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$281.27
|
$0.00
|
$281.27
|
|
53
|
Banton
|
F
|
14.5
|
63.0
|
62.7
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$293.44
|
$12.19
|
$281.25
|
|
54
|
Alsen
|
SD
|
14.8
|
60.9
|
60.6
|
0.04
|
$4.70
|
$284.59
|
$3.84
|
$280.75
|
|
55
|
Glenn
|
NONE
|
15.3
|
61.5
|
59.4
|
0.06
|
$4.72
|
$280.37
|
$0.00
|
$280.37
|
|
56
|
Bigg Red
|
F
|
14.0
|
62.7
|
62.5
|
0.00
|
$4.66
|
$291.25
|
$12.19
|
$279.06
|
|
57
|
Knudson
|
SD-H-F
|
14.2
|
60.7
|
64.1
|
0.01
|
$4.67
|
$299.11
|
$20.92
|
$278.19
|
|
58
|
Freyr
|
SD-H-F
|
14.5
|
60.3
|
63.3
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$296.01
|
$20.92
|
$275.09
|
|
59
|
Ada
|
SD-H-F
|
14.3
|
61.1
|
63.4
|
0.01
|
$4.67
|
$295.84
|
$20.92
|
$274.92
|
|
60
|
Bigg Red
|
SD-F
|
14.6
|
62.4
|
61.8
|
0.03
|
$4.69
|
$289.84
|
$16.03
|
$273.81
|
|
61
|
Banton
|
SD-H-F
|
14.5
|
62.8
|
62.8
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$293.90
|
$20.92
|
$272.98
|
|
62
|
Alsen
|
SD-F
|
14.5
|
61.5
|
61.5
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$287.82
|
$16.03
|
$271.79
|
|
63
|
Banton
|
SD-F
|
14.5
|
63.1
|
61.5
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$287.82
|
$16.03
|
$271.79
|
|
64
|
Knudson
|
SD-F
|
14.5
|
60.7
|
61.5
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$287.82
|
$16.03
|
$271.79
|
|
65
|
Briggs
|
SD-F
|
14.7
|
61.1
|
61.2
|
0.03
|
$4.69
|
$286.79
|
$16.03
|
$270.76
|
|
66
|
Glenn
|
SD-F
|
14.8
|
61.3
|
60.7
|
0.04
|
$4.70
|
$285.29
|
$16.03
|
$269.26
|
|
67
|
Glenn
|
SD-H-F
|
14.9
|
60.9
|
61.4
|
0.04
|
$4.70
|
$288.35
|
$20.92
|
$267.43
|
|
68
|
Alsen
|
NONE
|
15.2
|
60.5
|
56.4
|
0.06
|
$4.72
|
$266.21
|
$0.00
|
$266.21
|
|
69
|
Glenn
|
F
|
14.5
|
62.1
|
59.4
|
0.02
|
$4.68
|
$277.99
|
$12.19
|
$265.80
|
|
70
|
Alsen
|
H-F
|
15.2
|
60.3
|
59.2
|
0.06
|
$4.72
|
$279.42
|
$17.08
|
$262.34
|
|
71
|
Alsen
|
F
|
14.9
|
60.5
|
57.5
|
0.04
|
$4.70
|
$270.02
|
$12.19
|
$257.83
|
|
72
|
Alsen
|
SD-H-F
|
15.0
|
60.9
|
57.5
|
0.05
|
$4.71
|
$270.83
|
$20.92
|
$249.91
|
|
|
|
Mean
|
14.5
|
61.3
|
64.2
|
0.03
|
$4.69
|
$300.77
|
$11.68
|
$289.09
|
|
1Fungicide treatment product, rate and timing: NONE= No fungicide treatment; SD= Dividend Extreme, 3 oz/100 lbs as a seed
treatment; H-F= Headline, 3 fl oz/a at the 4-5 leaf stage and Folicur 4 fl oz/a at early flower; SD-H-F= Dividend Extreme, 3 oz/100 lbs as a seed treatment followed by
Headline, 3 fl oz/a at the 4-5 leaf stage and Folicur 4 fl oz/a at early flower; SD-F= Dividend Extreme, 3 oz/100 lbs as a seed treatment and Folicur 4 fl oz/a at early flower; F= Folicur
4 fl oz/a at early flower. NOTE: Headline and Folicur treatments included 0.125% Induce, a nonionic surfactant.
2On 13 Nov., 2006, started with a base price of $4.66 /bu. Protein premiums based up 1 per 1/5. Protein discounts baseddown 2 per 1/5.
|
This project was funded by the MN Wheat Research and Promotion, AgriPro Wheat, Trigen Seed, WestBred
and the Northwest Research and Outreach Center’s Extension Plant Pathology Program. It was conducted with support from two grower cooperators, Dr. Yanhong Dong, Univ. of Minnesota Mycotoxin Laboratory; Jim
Tholund and Rick Meine from Mid-Valley Grain Co-op; BASF; Bayer CropScience; and Syngenta.
– Charla Hollingsworth, Extension Plant Pathologist, Chris Motteberg, and Lorilie Atkinson, Plant Pathology Scientists, and Doug Holen, Regional Extension Educator
|
